Samba Financial Group

Samba Financial Group was formed pursuant to Royal Decree dated 26/3/1400 H. (February 12, 1980), to take over the then existing branches of Citibank, N.A. in Jeddah and Riyadh, which were opened in 1955 and 1966 respectively. Samba was formed in accordance with a program adopted by the Kingdom in the mid-1970s, under which all foreign banks were required to sell majority equity interests to Saudi nationals. Samba commenced business on February 12, 1980 and closed its first fiscal year on December 31, 1980.
The principal terms and conditions of the deal were: 44.5% of the equity was sold to the Saudi public for cash, under rules which favored the allocation of shares to small subscribers. Share allocations were made to nearly 166,000 individual subscribers.

An additional 15.5% of the equity was sold for cash to a selected group of Saudi founders, including the original Saudi members of the Board of Directors. Thus, Saudi nationals held 60% of the total share capital. Citibank acquired the remaining 40% of the equity in exchange for assets of its Riyadh and Jeddah branches. Citibank entered into a Technical Management Agreement under which it agreed to manage the new bank.
This agreement provided that Citibank would second staff to the new bank and provide technical support, and that it would not receive compensation for these services other than as a shareholder (except for reimbursement of actual expenses). Towards the end of 1991, Citibank sold part of its equity ownership in Samba to two Saudi national agencies for social welfare. As a result, 70% of the share capital of Samba was held by Saudi nationals and institutions while Citibank retained 30% ownership of the share capital of Samba.

On July 3, 1999, Samba merged with the United Saudi Bank (USB) by exchanging 1 new share in Samba for each 3.25 existing shares in USB. The merged bank retained Samba name and there was no change in the composition of the Board of Directors. The merger did not affect the Technical Management Agreement with Citibank.
This resulted in Citibank holding 22.83% of the merged bank shares. However, near the end of 2002, Citibank sold 2.83% of its shareholding to a Saudi agency. As a result, Citibank held 20% of the share capital of Samba.

On September 14, 2003, Samba moved to a full local management, culminating a transition plan previously agreed with Citigroup. On December 14, 2003, the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting was held and resolved to amend several of the company's Articles of Association including changing the name of the company to " Samba Financial Group". On May 26, 2004, Citibank sold its 20% share capital to a Saudi agency.
On March 9, 2005, the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting decided to increase the share capital of the company from SR 4.000.000.000 to SR 6.000.000.000 divided into 600.000.000 of equal nominal value of fifty Saudi Riyals cash shares , all of which will be ordinary and as one class in all respects.

Samba was the first Bank to offer Priority Banking (Gold and Diamond), Phone Banking, Credit Shield, Saving Linked Insurance, Cash Deposit through ATMs, Speed Cash Remittance Service and Automated Signature Verification. It was also the first bank to establish a dedicated Investment Department, introduced the first local equity fund and the first fund, (SAIF), open to overseas investors and listed on the London Security Exchange.

Best Sukuk Bank (Global Finance Award 2008) : Kuwait Finance House

Kuwait Finance House (KFH) was established in the State of Kuwait in 1977, as the first bank operating in accordance with the Islamic Shari'a. KFH is listed in Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE), with a market capitalization of KD 3.133 billion as of 31 December 2006. Assets total KD 6.314 billion and deposits amount to KD 3.730 billion, representing 25% of the total deposits in the Kuwaiti market as per the balance sheet of 2006.

KFH has been highly rated by prestigious international agencies. Standard & Poor's rated KFH A-/A2 for short and long term investments, respectively. Capital Intelligence rated KFH A/A1 for short and long term investments, respectively. Fitch International also rated KFH A, and Moody's rating was Aa3. KFH has been awarded by The Banker magazine as the world's Best Islamic Financial Institution, and for third successive year it has been awarded by EuroMoney magazine as the best bank.

KFH provides a wide range of Islamic Shari'a compliant products and services, covering banking, real estate, trade finance, investment portfolios, and other products and services.

Since the 1980's, KFH has witnessed multi-activity in international expansion. It has established independent banks in Turkey, Bahrain, and Malaysia. Moreover, it has stakes in other Islamic banks. Its investment activities in the US, Europe, South East Asia and the Middle East contributed tremendously to achieving the ever-growing profit of KFH, in collaboration with the world's leading companies and banks, such as Citibank, Deutsche Bank JP Morgan, Chase, BNP Parisbas, ABN Amro, HSBC, and Islamic Development Bank (IDB).

KFH has always endeavored to expand its local branch network, covering 42 branches, in addition to special sections for ladies. It adopts the out-of-branch client concept. KFH has maintained its foothold as a pioneering entity in utilizing the latest technologies to meet the requirements of the various activities in which it operates, using online, SMS, as well as phone service (Allo Baitak), which has received the highest accreditation from the US Purdue University for outstanding customer service level.

KFH is proud of its manpower skills. It employs a number of outstanding human resources, and is a pioneer in manpower Kuwaitization, where Kuwaiti manpower exceeded 52%.

The first sharia bank in Kuwait

Kuwait Finance House (KFH) was established in the State of Kuwait in 1977, as the first bank operating in accordance with the Islamic Shari'a. KFH is listed in Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE), with a market capitalization of KD 3.133 billion as of 31 December 2006. Assets total KD 6.314 billion and deposits amount to KD 3.730 billion, representing 25% of the total deposits in the Kuwaiti market as per the balance sheet of 2006.

KFH has been highly rated by prestigious international agencies. Standard & Poor's rated KFH A-/A2 for short and long term investments, respectively. Capital Intelligence rated KFH A/A1 for short and long term investments, respectively. Fitch International also rated KFH A, and Moody's rating was Aa3. KFH has been awarded by The Banker magazine as the world's Best Islamic Financial Institution, and for third successive year it has been awarded by EuroMoney magazine as the best bank.

KFH provides a wide range of Islamic Shari'a compliant products and services, covering banking, real estate, trade finance, investment portfolios, and other products and services.

Since the 1980's, KFH has witnessed multi-activity in international expansion. It has established independent banks in Turkey, Bahrain, and Malaysia. Moreover, it has stakes in other Islamic banks. Its investment activities in the US, Europe, South East Asia and the Middle East contributed tremendously to achieving the ever-growing profit of KFH, in collaboration with the world's leading companies and banks, such as Citibank, Deutsche Bank JP Morgan, Chase, BNP Parisbas, ABN Amro, HSBC, and Islamic Development Bank (IDB).

KFH has always endeavored to expand its local branch network, covering 42 branches, in addition to special sections for ladies. It adopts the out-of-branch client concept. KFH has maintained its foothold as a pioneering entity in utilizing the latest technologies to meet the requirements of the various activities in which it operates, using online, SMS, as well as phone service (Allo Baitak), which has received the highest accreditation from the US Purdue University for outstanding customer service level.

KFH is proud of its manpower skills. It employs a number of outstanding human resources, and is a pioneer in manpower Kuwaitization, where Kuwaiti manpower exceeded 52%.

Islamic Banking: Opportunity or Threat?

According Rodney Wilson, director of postgraduate studies at Durham University's Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, Islamic banking, which implies the avoidance of interest, has become a substantial industry during the last four decades. One obvious question is whether its emergence further segregates Muslims from Western values and norms, creating a financial ghetto. An alternative view is that as increasing numbers of people in the West are dissatisfied or skeptical about the banking services they receive, and see them as exploitative or even unethical, the emergence of Islamic banking with its own distinctive morality results in Islam projecting a much more positive face.

Many Western bankers view Islamic finance as a curiosity, and perhaps even a business opportunity, but seldom as a threat comparable to that from Muslim extremism. Indeed, Islamic banking and finance can be regarded as a gentler aspect of Islam, and one that lends itself to dialogue between Westerners and Muslims.

Islamic retail financial institutions, including the Islamic Bank of Britain, the European Islamic Investment Bank, and Lariba Bank in California, are now well-established in a number of Western countries. Furthermore, the leading international banks, including Citibank, HSBC Amanah, Deutsche Bank and UBS of Switzerland, all offer Islamic deposits and Shari'a-compliant financing facilities.

There has been much dialogue between the Western bankers working in these institutions and the Shari'a scholars who advise what is, and what is not, permissible. This dialogue extends to insurance, where Islamic takaful companies have become increasingly active, their distinguishing feature being that they do not hold conventional interest-yielding bonds, and that shareholder funds and premiums paid by policy holders cannot be co-mingled, which could result in the former exploiting the latter's misfortune.
As Shari'a is about universal, divinely inspired principles rather than national laws, leading international law firms have also become involved in Islamic banking and finance, as contracts need to be drafted under English or American law in a way that is consistent with Shari'a. Indeed, the main job of the Shari'a committee members who serve on the boards of Islamic banks and conventional banks offering Islamic products is to ensure that new contracts are compatible with Shari'a principles and, if they are not, to pursue a dialogue with the lawyers concerning amendments and redrafting.

The aspiration of many Islamists is to have divinely inspired Shari'a replacing man-made laws, perhaps even the establishment of a universal caliphate under which everyone, Muslim and non-Muslim, should live. Not surprisingly, such an aspiration is unacceptable for most non-Muslims, and indeed for many Muslims, as it denies choice.

Islamic banking and finance can point to the way forward: it is about extending choice, not restricting options. As each institution has its own Shari'a board, Shari'a compliance is effectively privatized, rather than being a matter of national law. Indeed, each Shari'a board passes its own fatwas, or religious rulings, which further extends choice in the marketplace for religious ideas. Religion, of course, flourishes under competitive conditions and Islam is no exception, whereas when it is nationalized, its adherents soon become alienated.

The Islamic Republic of Iran can be regarded as an example of how not to encourage the development of Islamic banking and finance. There, all banking has been Shari'a - compliant since the Law on Interest Free Banking was passed in 1983. Bank clients have therefore no choice but to use the Shari'a system. The banks, however are state-owned and have little autonomy, even in determining what deposit and financing products to offer. They also do not have Shari'a committees, the argument being that this is unnecessary as the law ensures Shari'a compliance in any case.

The result has been that banking development has been slow, there is little financial innovation, and most Iranians do not have bank accounts. In contrast, on the Arab side of the Gulf and in Malaysia, where Islamic and conventional banks compete, Islamic banks have attractive products on offer and a growing client base. Al Rajhi Bank of Saudi Arabia has become the world's largest Islamic retail bank, and its range of services and delivery channels compares favorably with the best that Western banks can offer.
Islamic banking is here to stay, it is an opportunity rather than a threat, and it has an exciting future. Gaps remain-there is no Islamic bank in Israel, for example, to serve its Muslim population. But if the Central Bank of Israel licensed such an entity it could create much goodwill. It might also encourage the Jewish population living there to question whether the operations of their own banks are compatible with religious teaching in Leviticus and Deuteronomy.

Ultimately Islamic banking and finance is about the emergence of a distinctively Islamic form of capitalism that may co-exist and interact with Western, Chinese, Russian or any other capitalism. Such a development should be welcomed and facilitated, and not hindered or suppressed.